Package org.apache.commons.lang3.reflect

Class ConstructorUtils

  • public class ConstructorUtils
extends java.lang.Object
    Utility reflection methods focused on constructors, modeled after MethodUtils.

    Known Limitations

    Accessing Public Constructors In A Default Access Superclass

    There is an issue when invoking public constructors contained in a default access superclass. Reflection correctly locates these constructors and assigns them as public. However, an IllegalAccessException is thrown if the constructor is invoked.

    ConstructorUtils contains a workaround for this situation: it will attempt to call AccessibleObject.setAccessible(boolean) on this constructor. If this call succeeds, then the method can be invoked as normal. This call will only succeed when the application has sufficient security privileges. If this call fails then a warning will be logged and the method may fail.

    Since:
    2.5

    • Constructor Summary

      Constructors 
      Constructor Description
      ConstructorUtils()
      Deprecated.
      TODO Make private in 4.0.

    • Method Summary

      All Methods Static Methods Concrete Methods 
      Modifier and Type Method Description
      static <T> java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> getAccessibleConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls, java.lang.Class<?>... parameterTypes)
      Finds a constructor given a class and signature, checking accessibility.
      static <T> java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> getAccessibleConstructor​(java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> ctor)
      Checks if the specified constructor is accessible.
      static <T> java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> getMatchingAccessibleConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls, java.lang.Class<?>... parameterTypes)
      Finds an accessible constructor with compatible parameters.
      static <T> T invokeConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls, java.lang.Object... args)
      Returns a new instance of the specified class inferring the right constructor from the types of the arguments.
      static <T> T invokeConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls, java.lang.Object[] args, java.lang.Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
      Returns a new instance of the specified class choosing the right constructor from the list of parameter types.
      static <T> T invokeExactConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls, java.lang.Object... args)
      Returns a new instance of the specified class inferring the right constructor from the types of the arguments.
      static <T> T invokeExactConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls, java.lang.Object[] args, java.lang.Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
      Returns a new instance of the specified class choosing the right constructor from the list of parameter types.
      private static boolean isAccessible​(java.lang.Class<?> type)
      Tests whether the specified class is generally accessible, i.e.

      • Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

        clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

    • Constructor Detail

      • ConstructorUtils

        @Deprecated
public ConstructorUtils()
        Deprecated.
        TODO Make private in 4.0.
        ConstructorUtils instances should NOT be constructed in standard programming. Instead, the class should be used as ConstructorUtils.invokeConstructor(cls, args).

        This constructor is public to permit tools that require a JavaBean instance to operate.

    • Method Detail

      • getAccessibleConstructor

        public static <T> java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> getAccessibleConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls,
                                                                            java.lang.Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        Finds a constructor given a class and signature, checking accessibility.

        This finds the constructor and ensures that it is accessible. The constructor signature must match the parameter types exactly.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the constructor type.
        Parameters:
        cls - the class to find a constructor for, not null.
        parameterTypes - the array of parameter types, null treated as empty.
        Returns:
        the constructor, null if no matching accessible constructor found.
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - if cls is null
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        Class.getConstructor(java.lang.Class<?>...), getAccessibleConstructor(java.lang.reflect.Constructor)

      • getAccessibleConstructor

        public static <T> java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> getAccessibleConstructor​(java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> ctor)
        Checks if the specified constructor is accessible.

        This simply ensures that the constructor is accessible.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the constructor type.
        Parameters:
        ctor - the prototype constructor object, not null.
        Returns:
        the constructor, null if no matching accessible constructor found.
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - if ctor is null
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and a caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for a class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        SecurityManager

      • getMatchingAccessibleConstructor

        public static <T> java.lang.reflect.Constructor<T> getMatchingAccessibleConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls,
                                                                                    java.lang.Class<?>... parameterTypes)
        Finds an accessible constructor with compatible parameters.

        This checks all the constructor and finds one with compatible parameters This requires that every parameter is assignable from the given parameter types. This is a more flexible search than the normal exact matching algorithm.

        First it checks if there is a constructor matching the exact signature. If not then all the constructors of the class are checked to see if their signatures are assignment-compatible with the parameter types. The first assignment-compatible matching constructor is returned.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the constructor type.
        Parameters:
        cls - the class to find a constructor for, not null.
        parameterTypes - find method with compatible parameters.
        Returns:
        the constructor, null if no matching accessible constructor found.
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - Thrown if cls is null
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String)

      • invokeConstructor

        public static <T> T invokeConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls,
                                      java.lang.Object... args)
                               throws java.lang.NoSuchMethodException,
                                      java.lang.IllegalAccessException,
                                      java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException,
                                      java.lang.InstantiationException
        Returns a new instance of the specified class inferring the right constructor from the types of the arguments.

        This locates and calls a constructor. The constructor signature must match the argument types by assignment compatibility.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the type to be constructed.
        Parameters:
        cls - the class to be constructed, not null.
        args - the array of arguments, null treated as empty.
        Returns:
        new instance of cls, not null.
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - Thrown if cls is null.
        java.lang.NoSuchMethodException - Thrown if a matching constructor cannot be found.
        java.lang.IllegalAccessException - Thrown if the found Constructor is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
        java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Thrown if:
        • the number of actual and formal parameters differ; or
        • an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or
        • after possible unwrapping, a parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if this constructor pertains to an enum type.
        java.lang.InstantiationException - Thrown if the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
        java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException - Thrown if the underlying constructor throws an exception.
        java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError - Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        invokeConstructor(Class, Object[], Class[])

      • invokeConstructor

        public static <T> T invokeConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls,
                                      java.lang.Object[] args,
                                      java.lang.Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
                               throws java.lang.NoSuchMethodException,
                                      java.lang.IllegalAccessException,
                                      java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException,
                                      java.lang.InstantiationException
        Returns a new instance of the specified class choosing the right constructor from the list of parameter types.

        This locates and calls a constructor. The constructor signature must match the parameter types by assignment compatibility.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the type to be constructed.
        Parameters:
        cls - the class to be constructed, not null.
        args - the array of arguments, null treated as empty.
        parameterTypes - the array of parameter types, null treated as empty.
        Returns:
        new instance of cls, not null
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - Thrown if cls is null.
        java.lang.NoSuchMethodException - Thrown if a matching constructor cannot be found.
        java.lang.IllegalAccessException - Thrown if the found Constructor is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
        java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Thrown if:
        • the number of actual and formal parameters differ; or
        • an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or
        • after possible unwrapping, a parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if this constructor pertains to an enum type.
        java.lang.InstantiationException - Thrown if the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
        java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException - Thrown if the underlying constructor throws an exception.
        java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError - Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        Constructor.newInstance(Object...), Constructor.newInstance(java.lang.Object...)

      • invokeExactConstructor

        public static <T> T invokeExactConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls,
                                           java.lang.Object... args)
                                    throws java.lang.NoSuchMethodException,
                                           java.lang.IllegalAccessException,
                                           java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException,
                                           java.lang.InstantiationException
        Returns a new instance of the specified class inferring the right constructor from the types of the arguments.

        This locates and calls a constructor. The constructor signature must match the argument types exactly.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the type to be constructed.
        Parameters:
        cls - the class to be constructed, not null.
        args - the array of arguments, null treated as empty.
        Returns:
        new instance of cls, not null.
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - Thrown if cls is null.
        java.lang.NoSuchMethodException - Thrown if a matching constructor cannot be found.
        java.lang.IllegalAccessException - Thrown if the found Constructor is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
        java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Thrown if:
        • the number of actual and formal parameters differ; or
        • an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or
        • after possible unwrapping, a parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if this constructor pertains to an enum type.
        java.lang.InstantiationException - Thrown if the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
        java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException - Thrown if the underlying constructor throws an exception.
        java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError - Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        Constructor.newInstance(Object...), invokeExactConstructor(Class, Object[], Class[])

      • invokeExactConstructor

        public static <T> T invokeExactConstructor​(java.lang.Class<T> cls,
                                           java.lang.Object[] args,
                                           java.lang.Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
                                    throws java.lang.NoSuchMethodException,
                                           java.lang.IllegalAccessException,
                                           java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException,
                                           java.lang.InstantiationException
        Returns a new instance of the specified class choosing the right constructor from the list of parameter types.

        This locates and calls a constructor. The constructor signature must match the parameter types exactly.

        Type Parameters:
        T - the type to construct.
        Parameters:
        cls - the class to construct, not null.
        args - the array of arguments, null treated as empty.
        parameterTypes - the array of parameter types, null treated as empty.
        Returns:
        new instance of cls, not null.
        Throws:
        java.lang.NullPointerException - Thrown if cls is null.
        java.lang.NoSuchMethodException - Thrown if a matching constructor cannot be found.
        java.lang.IllegalAccessException - Thrown if the found Constructor is enforcing Java language access control and the underlying constructor is inaccessible.
        java.lang.IllegalArgumentException - Thrown if:
        • the number of actual and formal parameters differ; or
        • an unwrapping conversion for primitive arguments fails; or
        • after possible unwrapping, a parameter value cannot be converted to the corresponding formal parameter type by a method invocation conversion; if this constructor pertains to an enum type.
        java.lang.InstantiationException - Thrown if the class that declares the underlying constructor represents an abstract class.
        java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException - Thrown if the underlying constructor throws an exception.
        java.lang.ExceptionInInitializerError - Thrown if the initialization provoked by this method fails.
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for the class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.
        See Also:
        Constructor.newInstance(Object...)

      • isAccessible

        private static boolean isAccessible​(java.lang.Class<?> type)
        Tests whether the specified class is generally accessible, i.e. is declared in an entirely public manner.
        Parameters:
        type - to check.
        Returns:
        true if type and any enclosing classes are public.
        Throws:
        java.lang.SecurityException - Thrown if a security manager is present and a caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class loader for a class and invocation of SecurityManager.checkPackageAccess(String) denies access to the package of the class.