blender/curves.cpp

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/* SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2011-2022 Blender Foundation
 *
 * SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 */
 
#include <optional>
 
#include "blender/attribute_convert.h"
#include "blender/sync.h"
#include "blender/util.h"
 
#include "scene/attribute.h"
#include "scene/camera.h"
#include "scene/curves.h"
#include "scene/hair.h"
#include "scene/object.h"
#include "scene/scene.h"
 
#include "util/color.h"
 
#include "util/hash.h"
#include "util/log.h"
 
#include "BKE_attribute.hh"
#include "BKE_curves.hh"
 
CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN
 
ParticleCurveData::ParticleCurveData() = default;
 
ParticleCurveData::~ParticleCurveData() = default;
 
static float shaperadius(const float shape, const float root, const float tip, const float time)
{
  assert(time >= 0.0f);
  assert(time <= 1.0f);
  float radius = 1.0f - time;
 
  if (shape != 0.0f) {
    if (shape < 0.0f) {
      radius = powf(radius, 1.0f + shape);
    }
    else {
      radius = powf(radius, 1.0f / (1.0f - shape));
    }
  }
  return (radius * (root - tip)) + tip;
}
 
/* curve functions */
 
static bool ObtainCacheParticleData(
    Hair *hair, BL::Mesh *b_mesh, BL::Object *b_ob, ParticleCurveData *CData, bool background)
{
  int curvenum = 0;
  int keyno = 0;
 
  if (!(hair && b_mesh && b_ob && CData)) {
    return false;
  }
 
  const Transform tfm = get_transform(b_ob->matrix_world());
  const Transform itfm = transform_inverse(tfm);
 
  for (BL::Modifier &b_mod : b_ob->modifiers) {
    if ((b_mod.type() == BL::Modifier::type_PARTICLE_SYSTEM) &&
        (background ? b_mod.show_render() : b_mod.show_viewport()))
    {
      BL::ParticleSystemModifier psmd((const PointerRNA)b_mod.ptr);
      BL::ParticleSystem b_psys((const PointerRNA)psmd.particle_system().ptr);
      BL::ParticleSettings b_part((const PointerRNA)b_psys.settings().ptr);
 
      if ((b_part.render_type() == BL::ParticleSettings::render_type_PATH) &&
          (b_part.type() == BL::ParticleSettings::type_HAIR))
      {
        const int shader = clamp(b_part.material() - 1, 0, hair->get_used_shaders().size() - 1);
        const int display_step = background ? b_part.render_step() : b_part.display_step();
        const int totparts = b_psys.particles.length();
        const int totchild = background ? b_psys.child_particles.length() :
                                          (int)((float)b_psys.child_particles.length() *
                                                (float)b_part.display_percentage() / 100.0f);
        int totcurves = totchild;
 
        if (b_part.child_type() == 0 || totchild == 0) {
          totcurves += totparts;
        }
 
        if (totcurves == 0) {
          continue;
        }
 
        int ren_step = (1 << display_step) + 1;
        if (b_part.kink() == BL::ParticleSettings::kink_SPIRAL) {
          ren_step += b_part.kink_extra_steps();
        }
 
        CData->psys_firstcurve.push_back_slow(curvenum);
        CData->psys_curvenum.push_back_slow(totcurves);
        CData->psys_shader.push_back_slow(shader);
 
        const float radius = b_part.radius_scale() * 0.5f;
 
        CData->psys_rootradius.push_back_slow(radius * b_part.root_radius());
        CData->psys_tipradius.push_back_slow(radius * b_part.tip_radius());
        CData->psys_shape.push_back_slow(b_part.shape());
        CData->psys_closetip.push_back_slow(b_part.use_close_tip());
 
        int pa_no = 0;
        if (!(b_part.child_type() == 0) && totchild != 0) {
          pa_no = totparts;
        }
 
        const int num_add = (totparts + totchild - pa_no);
        CData->curve_firstkey.reserve(CData->curve_firstkey.size() + num_add);
        CData->curve_keynum.reserve(CData->curve_keynum.size() + num_add);
        CData->curve_length.reserve(CData->curve_length.size() + num_add);
        CData->curvekey_co.reserve(CData->curvekey_co.size() + num_add * ren_step);
        CData->curvekey_time.reserve(CData->curvekey_time.size() + num_add * ren_step);
 
        for (; pa_no < totparts + totchild; pa_no++) {
          int keynum = 0;
          CData->curve_firstkey.push_back_slow(keyno);
 
          float curve_length = 0.0f;
          float3 prev_co_world = zero_float3();
          float3 prev_co_object = zero_float3();
          for (int step_no = 0; step_no < ren_step; step_no++) {
            float3 co_world = prev_co_world;
            b_psys.co_hair(*b_ob, pa_no, step_no, &co_world.x);
            const float3 co_object = transform_point(&itfm, co_world);
            if (step_no > 0) {
              const float step_length = len(co_object - prev_co_object);
              curve_length += step_length;
            }
            CData->curvekey_co.push_back_slow(co_object);
            CData->curvekey_time.push_back_slow(curve_length);
            prev_co_object = co_object;
            prev_co_world = co_world;
            keynum++;
          }
          keyno += keynum;
 
          CData->curve_keynum.push_back_slow(keynum);
          CData->curve_length.push_back_slow(curve_length);
          curvenum++;
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
static bool ObtainCacheParticleUV(Hair *hair,
                                  BL::Mesh *b_mesh,
                                  BL::Object *b_ob,
                                  ParticleCurveData *CData,
                                  bool background,
                                  const int uv_num)
{
  if (!(hair && b_mesh && b_ob && CData)) {
    return false;
  }
 
  CData->curve_uv.clear();
 
  for (BL::Modifier &b_mod : b_ob->modifiers) {
    if ((b_mod.type() == BL::Modifier::type_PARTICLE_SYSTEM) &&
        (background ? b_mod.show_render() : b_mod.show_viewport()))
    {
      BL::ParticleSystemModifier psmd((const PointerRNA)b_mod.ptr);
      BL::ParticleSystem b_psys((const PointerRNA)psmd.particle_system().ptr);
      BL::ParticleSettings b_part((const PointerRNA)b_psys.settings().ptr);
 
      if ((b_part.render_type() == BL::ParticleSettings::render_type_PATH) &&
          (b_part.type() == BL::ParticleSettings::type_HAIR))
      {
        const int totparts = b_psys.particles.length();
        const int totchild = background ? b_psys.child_particles.length() :
                                          (int)((float)b_psys.child_particles.length() *
                                                (float)b_part.display_percentage() / 100.0f);
        int totcurves = totchild;
 
        if (b_part.child_type() == 0 || totchild == 0) {
          totcurves += totparts;
        }
 
        if (totcurves == 0) {
          continue;
        }
 
        int pa_no = 0;
        if (!(b_part.child_type() == 0) && totchild != 0) {
          pa_no = totparts;
        }
 
        const int num_add = (totparts + totchild - pa_no);
        CData->curve_uv.reserve(CData->curve_uv.size() + num_add);
 
        BL::ParticleSystem::particles_iterator b_pa;
        b_psys.particles.begin(b_pa);
        for (; pa_no < totparts + totchild; pa_no++) {
          /* Add UVs */
          BL::Mesh::uv_layers_iterator l;
          b_mesh->uv_layers.begin(l);
 
          float2 uv = zero_float2();
          if (!b_mesh->uv_layers.empty()) {
            b_psys.uv_on_emitter(psmd, *b_pa, pa_no, uv_num, &uv.x);
          }
          CData->curve_uv.push_back_slow(uv);
 
          if (pa_no < totparts && b_pa != b_psys.particles.end()) {
            ++b_pa;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
static bool ObtainCacheParticleVcol(Hair *hair,
                                    BL::Mesh *b_mesh,
                                    BL::Object *b_ob,
                                    ParticleCurveData *CData,
                                    bool background,
                                    const int vcol_num)
{
  if (!(hair && b_mesh && b_ob && CData)) {
    return false;
  }
 
  CData->curve_vcol.clear();
 
  for (BL::Modifier &b_mod : b_ob->modifiers) {
    if ((b_mod.type() == BL::Modifier::type_PARTICLE_SYSTEM) &&
        (background ? b_mod.show_render() : b_mod.show_viewport()))
    {
      BL::ParticleSystemModifier psmd((const PointerRNA)b_mod.ptr);
      BL::ParticleSystem b_psys((const PointerRNA)psmd.particle_system().ptr);
      BL::ParticleSettings b_part((const PointerRNA)b_psys.settings().ptr);
 
      if ((b_part.render_type() == BL::ParticleSettings::render_type_PATH) &&
          (b_part.type() == BL::ParticleSettings::type_HAIR))
      {
        const int totparts = b_psys.particles.length();
        const int totchild = background ? b_psys.child_particles.length() :
                                          (int)((float)b_psys.child_particles.length() *
                                                (float)b_part.display_percentage() / 100.0f);
        int totcurves = totchild;
 
        if (b_part.child_type() == 0 || totchild == 0) {
          totcurves += totparts;
        }
 
        if (totcurves == 0) {
          continue;
        }
 
        int pa_no = 0;
        if (!(b_part.child_type() == 0) && totchild != 0) {
          pa_no = totparts;
        }
 
        const int num_add = (totparts + totchild - pa_no);
        CData->curve_vcol.reserve(CData->curve_vcol.size() + num_add);
 
        BL::ParticleSystem::particles_iterator b_pa;
        b_psys.particles.begin(b_pa);
        for (; pa_no < totparts + totchild; pa_no++) {
          /* Add vertex colors */
          BL::Mesh::vertex_colors_iterator l;
          b_mesh->vertex_colors.begin(l);
 
          float4 vcol = make_float4(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
          if (!b_mesh->vertex_colors.empty()) {
            b_psys.mcol_on_emitter(psmd, *b_pa, pa_no, vcol_num, &vcol.x);
          }
          CData->curve_vcol.push_back_slow(vcol);
 
          if (pa_no < totparts && b_pa != b_psys.particles.end()) {
            ++b_pa;
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  return true;
}
 
static void ExportCurveSegments(Scene *scene, Hair *hair, ParticleCurveData *CData)
{
  int num_keys = 0;
  int num_curves = 0;
 
  if (hair->num_curves()) {
    return;
  }
 
  Attribute *attr_normal = nullptr;
  Attribute *attr_intercept = nullptr;
  Attribute *attr_length = nullptr;
  Attribute *attr_random = nullptr;
 
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_VERTEX_NORMAL)) {
    attr_normal = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_VERTEX_NORMAL);
  }
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_CURVE_INTERCEPT)) {
    attr_intercept = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_CURVE_INTERCEPT);
  }
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_CURVE_LENGTH)) {
    attr_length = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_CURVE_LENGTH);
  }
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_CURVE_RANDOM)) {
    attr_random = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_CURVE_RANDOM);
  }
 
  /* compute and reserve size of arrays */
  for (int sys = 0; sys < CData->psys_firstcurve.size(); sys++) {
    for (int curve = CData->psys_firstcurve[sys];
         curve < CData->psys_firstcurve[sys] + CData->psys_curvenum[sys];
         curve++)
    {
      num_keys += CData->curve_keynum[curve];
      num_curves++;
    }
  }
 
  hair->reserve_curves(hair->num_curves() + num_curves, hair->get_curve_keys().size() + num_keys);
 
  num_keys = 0;
  num_curves = 0;
 
  /* actually export */
  for (int sys = 0; sys < CData->psys_firstcurve.size(); sys++) {
    for (int curve = CData->psys_firstcurve[sys];
         curve < CData->psys_firstcurve[sys] + CData->psys_curvenum[sys];
         curve++)
    {
      size_t num_curve_keys = 0;
 
      for (int curvekey = CData->curve_firstkey[curve];
           curvekey < CData->curve_firstkey[curve] + CData->curve_keynum[curve];
           curvekey++)
      {
        const float3 ickey_loc = CData->curvekey_co[curvekey];
        const float curve_time = CData->curvekey_time[curvekey];
        const float curve_length = CData->curve_length[curve];
        const float time = (curve_length > 0.0f) ? curve_time / curve_length : 0.0f;
        float radius = shaperadius(
            CData->psys_shape[sys], CData->psys_rootradius[sys], CData->psys_tipradius[sys], time);
        if (CData->psys_closetip[sys] &&
            (curvekey == CData->curve_firstkey[curve] + CData->curve_keynum[curve] - 1))
        {
          radius = 0.0f;
        }
        hair->add_curve_key(ickey_loc, radius);
        if (attr_intercept) {
          attr_intercept->add(time);
        }
 
        if (attr_normal) {
          /* NOTE: the geometry normals are not computed for legacy particle hairs. This hair
           * system is expected to be deprecated. */
          attr_normal->add(make_float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));
        }
 
        num_curve_keys++;
      }
 
      if (attr_length != nullptr) {
        attr_length->add(CData->curve_length[curve]);
      }
 
      if (attr_random != nullptr) {
        attr_random->add(hash_uint2_to_float(num_curves, 0));
      }
 
      hair->add_curve(num_keys, CData->psys_shader[sys]);
      num_keys += num_curve_keys;
      num_curves++;
    }
  }
 
  /* check allocation */
  if ((hair->get_curve_keys().size() != num_keys) || (hair->num_curves() != num_curves)) {
    VLOG_WARNING << "Hair memory allocation failed, clearing data.";
    hair->clear(true);
  }
}
 
static float4 CurveSegmentMotionCV(ParticleCurveData *CData,
                                   const int sys,
                                   const int curve,
                                   const int curvekey)
{
  const float3 ickey_loc = CData->curvekey_co[curvekey];
  const float curve_time = CData->curvekey_time[curvekey];
  const float curve_length = CData->curve_length[curve];
  const float time = (curve_length > 0.0f) ? curve_time / curve_length : 0.0f;
  float radius = shaperadius(
      CData->psys_shape[sys], CData->psys_rootradius[sys], CData->psys_tipradius[sys], time);
 
  if (CData->psys_closetip[sys] &&
      (curvekey == CData->curve_firstkey[curve] + CData->curve_keynum[curve] - 1))
  {
    radius = 0.0f;
  }
 
  /* curve motion keys store both position and radius in float4 */
  float4 mP = make_float4(ickey_loc);
  mP.w = radius;
  return mP;
}
 
static float4 LerpCurveSegmentMotionCV(ParticleCurveData *CData,
                                       const int sys,
                                       const int curve,
                                       const float step)
{
  assert(step >= 0.0f);
  assert(step <= 1.0f);
  const int first_curve_key = CData->curve_firstkey[curve];
  const float curve_key_f = step * (CData->curve_keynum[curve] - 1);
  int curvekey = (int)floorf(curve_key_f);
  const float remainder = curve_key_f - curvekey;
  if (remainder == 0.0f) {
    return CurveSegmentMotionCV(CData, sys, curve, first_curve_key + curvekey);
  }
  int curvekey2 = curvekey + 1;
  if (curvekey2 >= (CData->curve_keynum[curve] - 1)) {
    curvekey2 = (CData->curve_keynum[curve] - 1);
    curvekey = curvekey2 - 1;
  }
  const float4 mP = CurveSegmentMotionCV(CData, sys, curve, first_curve_key + curvekey);
  const float4 mP2 = CurveSegmentMotionCV(CData, sys, curve, first_curve_key + curvekey2);
  return mix(mP, mP2, remainder);
}
 
static void export_hair_motion_validate_attribute(Hair *hair,
                                                  const int motion_step,
                                                  const int num_motion_keys,
                                                  bool have_motion)
{
  Attribute *attr_mP = hair->attributes.find(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
  const int num_keys = hair->get_curve_keys().size();
 
  if (num_motion_keys != num_keys || !have_motion) {
    /* No motion or hair "topology" changed, remove attributes again. */
    if (num_motion_keys != num_keys) {
      VLOG_WORK << "Hair topology changed, removing motion attribute.";
    }
    hair->attributes.remove(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
  }
  else if (motion_step > 0) {
    /* Motion, fill up previous steps that we might have skipped because
     * they had no motion, but we need them anyway now. */
    for (int step = 0; step < motion_step; step++) {
      float4 *mP = attr_mP->data_float4() + step * num_keys;
 
      for (int key = 0; key < num_keys; key++) {
        mP[key] = make_float4(hair->get_curve_keys()[key]);
        mP[key].w = hair->get_curve_radius()[key];
      }
    }
  }
}
 
static void ExportCurveSegmentsMotion(Hair *hair, ParticleCurveData *CData, const int motion_step)
{
  /* find attribute */
  Attribute *attr_mP = hair->attributes.find(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
  bool new_attribute = false;
 
  /* add new attribute if it doesn't exist already */
  if (!attr_mP) {
    attr_mP = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
    new_attribute = true;
  }
 
  /* export motion vectors for curve keys */
  const size_t numkeys = hair->get_curve_keys().size();
  float4 *mP = attr_mP->data_float4() + motion_step * numkeys;
  bool have_motion = false;
  int i = 0;
  int num_curves = 0;
 
  for (int sys = 0; sys < CData->psys_firstcurve.size(); sys++) {
    for (int curve = CData->psys_firstcurve[sys];
         curve < CData->psys_firstcurve[sys] + CData->psys_curvenum[sys];
         curve++)
    {
      /* Curve lengths may not match! Curves can be clipped. */
      const int curve_key_end = (num_curves + 1 < (int)hair->get_curve_first_key().size() ?
                                     hair->get_curve_first_key()[num_curves + 1] :
                                     (int)hair->get_curve_keys().size());
      const int num_center_curve_keys = curve_key_end - hair->get_curve_first_key()[num_curves];
      const int is_num_keys_different = CData->curve_keynum[curve] - num_center_curve_keys;
 
      if (!is_num_keys_different) {
        for (int curvekey = CData->curve_firstkey[curve];
             curvekey < CData->curve_firstkey[curve] + CData->curve_keynum[curve];
             curvekey++)
        {
          if (i < hair->get_curve_keys().size()) {
            mP[i] = CurveSegmentMotionCV(CData, sys, curve, curvekey);
            if (!have_motion) {
              /* unlike mesh coordinates, these tend to be slightly different
               * between frames due to particle transforms into/out of object
               * space, so we use an epsilon to detect actual changes */
              float4 curve_key = make_float4(hair->get_curve_keys()[i]);
              curve_key.w = hair->get_curve_radius()[i];
              if (len_squared(mP[i] - curve_key) > 1e-5f * 1e-5f) {
                have_motion = true;
              }
            }
          }
          i++;
        }
      }
      else {
        /* Number of keys has changed. Generate an interpolated version
         * to preserve motion blur. */
        const float step_size = num_center_curve_keys > 1 ? 1.0f / (num_center_curve_keys - 1) :
                                                            0.0f;
        for (int step_index = 0; step_index < num_center_curve_keys; ++step_index) {
          const float step = step_index * step_size;
          mP[i] = LerpCurveSegmentMotionCV(CData, sys, curve, step);
          i++;
        }
        have_motion = true;
      }
      num_curves++;
    }
  }
 
  /* In case of new attribute, we verify if there really was any motion. */
  if (new_attribute) {
    export_hair_motion_validate_attribute(hair, motion_step, i, have_motion);
  }
}
 
/* Hair Curve Sync */
 
bool BlenderSync::object_has_particle_hair(BL::Object b_ob)
{
  /* Test if the object has a particle modifier with hair. */
  for (BL::Modifier &b_mod : b_ob.modifiers) {
    if ((b_mod.type() == BL::Modifier::type_PARTICLE_SYSTEM) &&
        (preview ? b_mod.show_viewport() : b_mod.show_render()))
    {
      BL::ParticleSystemModifier psmd((const PointerRNA)b_mod.ptr);
      BL::ParticleSystem b_psys((const PointerRNA)psmd.particle_system().ptr);
      BL::ParticleSettings b_part((const PointerRNA)b_psys.settings().ptr);
 
      if ((b_part.render_type() == BL::ParticleSettings::render_type_PATH) &&
          (b_part.type() == BL::ParticleSettings::type_HAIR))
      {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
 
  return false;
}
 
/* Old particle hair. */
void BlenderSync::sync_particle_hair(
    Hair *hair, BL::Mesh &b_mesh, BObjectInfo &b_ob_info, bool motion, const int motion_step)
{
  if (!b_ob_info.is_real_object_data()) {
    return;
  }
  BL::Object b_ob = b_ob_info.real_object;
 
  /* obtain general settings */
  if (b_ob.mode() == BL::Object::mode_PARTICLE_EDIT || b_ob.mode() == BL::Object::mode_EDIT) {
    return;
  }
 
  /* Extract particle hair data - should be combined with connecting to mesh later. */
 
  ParticleCurveData CData;
 
  ObtainCacheParticleData(hair, &b_mesh, &b_ob, &CData, !preview);
 
  /* add hair geometry */
  if (motion) {
    ExportCurveSegmentsMotion(hair, &CData, motion_step);
  }
  else {
    ExportCurveSegments(scene, hair, &CData);
  }
 
  /* generated coordinates from first key. we should ideally get this from
   * blender to handle deforming objects */
  if (!motion) {
    if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_GENERATED)) {
      float3 loc;
      float3 size;
      mesh_texture_space(*static_cast<const ::Mesh *>(b_mesh.ptr.data), loc, size);
 
      Attribute *attr_generated = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_GENERATED);
      float3 *generated = attr_generated->data_float3();
 
      for (size_t i = 0; i < hair->num_curves(); i++) {
        const float3 co = hair->get_curve_keys()[hair->get_curve(i).first_key];
        generated[i] = co * size - loc;
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* create vertex color attributes */
  if (!motion) {
    BL::Mesh::vertex_colors_iterator l;
    int vcol_num = 0;
 
    for (b_mesh.vertex_colors.begin(l); l != b_mesh.vertex_colors.end(); ++l, vcol_num++) {
      if (!hair->need_attribute(scene, ustring(l->name().c_str()))) {
        continue;
      }
 
      ObtainCacheParticleVcol(hair, &b_mesh, &b_ob, &CData, !preview, vcol_num);
 
      Attribute *attr_vcol = hair->attributes.add(
          ustring(l->name().c_str()), TypeRGBA, ATTR_ELEMENT_CURVE);
 
      float4 *fdata = attr_vcol->data_float4();
 
      if (fdata) {
        size_t i = 0;
 
        /* Encode vertex color using the sRGB curve. */
        for (size_t curve = 0; curve < CData.curve_vcol.size(); curve++) {
          fdata[i++] = color_srgb_to_linear_v4(CData.curve_vcol[curve]);
        }
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* create UV attributes */
  if (!motion) {
    BL::Mesh::uv_layers_iterator l;
    int uv_num = 0;
 
    for (b_mesh.uv_layers.begin(l); l != b_mesh.uv_layers.end(); ++l, uv_num++) {
      const bool active_render = l->active_render();
      const AttributeStandard std = (active_render) ? ATTR_STD_UV : ATTR_STD_NONE;
      const ustring name = ustring(l->name().c_str());
 
      /* UV map */
      if (hair->need_attribute(scene, name) || hair->need_attribute(scene, std)) {
        Attribute *attr_uv;
 
        ObtainCacheParticleUV(hair, &b_mesh, &b_ob, &CData, !preview, uv_num);
 
        if (active_render) {
          attr_uv = hair->attributes.add(std, name);
        }
        else {
          attr_uv = hair->attributes.add(name, TypeFloat2, ATTR_ELEMENT_CURVE);
        }
 
        float2 *uv = attr_uv->data_float2();
 
        if (uv) {
          size_t i = 0;
 
          for (size_t curve = 0; curve < CData.curve_uv.size(); curve++) {
            uv[i++] = CData.curve_uv[curve];
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }
}
 
template<typename TypeInCycles, typename GetValueAtIndex>
static void fill_generic_attribute(const int num_curves,
                                   const int num_points,
                                   TypeInCycles *data,
                                   const AttributeElement element,
                                   const GetValueAtIndex &get_value_at_index)
{
  switch (element) {
    case ATTR_ELEMENT_CURVE_KEY: {
      for (int i = 0; i < num_points; i++) {
        data[i] = get_value_at_index(i);
      }
      break;
    }
    case ATTR_ELEMENT_CURVE: {
      for (int i = 0; i < num_curves; i++) {
        data[i] = get_value_at_index(i);
      }
      break;
    }
    default: {
      assert(false);
      break;
    }
  }
}
 
static void attr_create_motion_from_velocity(Hair *hair,
                                             const blender::Span<blender::float3> src,
                                             const float motion_scale)
{
  const int num_curve_keys = hair->get_curve_keys().size();
 
  /* Override motion steps to fixed number. */
  hair->set_motion_steps(3);
 
  /* Find or add attribute */
  float3 *P = hair->get_curve_keys().data();
  Attribute *attr_mP = hair->attributes.find(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
 
  if (!attr_mP) {
    attr_mP = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
  }
 
  /* Only export previous and next frame, we don't have any in between data. */
  const float motion_times[2] = {-1.0f, 1.0f};
  for (int step = 0; step < 2; step++) {
    const float relative_time = motion_times[step] * 0.5f * motion_scale;
    float3 *mP = attr_mP->data_float3() + step * num_curve_keys;
 
    for (int i = 0; i < num_curve_keys; i++) {
      mP[i] = P[i] + make_float3(src[i][0], src[i][1], src[i][2]) * relative_time;
    }
  }
}
 
static void attr_create_generic(Scene *scene,
                                Hair *hair,
                                const blender::bke::CurvesGeometry &b_curves,
                                const bool need_motion,
                                const float motion_scale)
{
  const blender::bke::AttributeAccessor b_attributes = b_curves.attributes();
 
  AttributeSet &attributes = hair->attributes;
  static const ustring u_velocity("velocity");
  const bool need_uv = hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_UV);
  bool have_uv = false;
 
  b_attributes.foreach_attribute([&](const blender::bke::AttributeIter &iter) {
    const ustring name{std::string_view(iter.name)};
 
    const blender::bke::AttrDomain b_domain = iter.domain;
    const eCustomDataType b_data_type = iter.data_type;
 
    if (need_motion && name == u_velocity) {
      const blender::VArraySpan b_attr = *iter.get<blender::float3>(
          blender::bke::AttrDomain::Point);
      attr_create_motion_from_velocity(hair, b_attr, motion_scale);
      return;
    }
 
    /* Weak, use first float2 attribute as standard UV. */
    if (need_uv && !have_uv && b_data_type == CD_PROP_FLOAT2 &&
        b_domain == blender::bke::AttrDomain::Curve)
    {
      Attribute *attr = attributes.add(ATTR_STD_UV, name);
 
      const blender::VArraySpan b_attr = *iter.get<blender::float2>();
 
      static_assert(sizeof(blender::float2) == sizeof(float2));
      const blender::Span src = b_attr.cast<float2>();
      std::copy(src.begin(), src.end(), attr->data_float2());
      have_uv = true;
      return;
    }
 
    if (!hair->need_attribute(scene, name)) {
      return;
    }
    if (attributes.find(name)) {
      return;
    }
 
    const blender::bke::GAttributeReader b_attr = iter.get();
 
    AttributeElement element = ATTR_ELEMENT_NONE;
    switch (b_attr.domain) {
      case blender::bke::AttrDomain::Point:
        element = ATTR_ELEMENT_CURVE_KEY;
        break;
      case blender::bke::AttrDomain::Curve:
        element = ATTR_ELEMENT_CURVE;
        break;
      default:
        return;
    }
 
    blender::bke::attribute_math::convert_to_static_type(b_attr.varray.type(), [&](auto dummy) {
      using BlenderT = decltype(dummy);
      using Converter = typename ccl::AttributeConverter<BlenderT>;
      using CyclesT = typename Converter::CyclesT;
      if constexpr (!std::is_void_v<CyclesT>) {
        Attribute *attr = attributes.add(name, Converter::type_desc, element);
        CyclesT *data = reinterpret_cast<CyclesT *>(attr->data());
 
        const blender::VArraySpan src = b_attr.varray.typed<BlenderT>();
        for (const int i : src.index_range()) {
          data[i] = Converter::convert(src[i]);
        }
      }
    });
  });
}
 
static float4 curve_point_as_float4(const blender::Span<blender::float3> b_positions,
                                    const blender::Span<float> b_radius,
                                    const int index)
{
  float4 mP = make_float4(
      b_positions[index][0], b_positions[index][1], b_positions[index][2], 0.0f);
  mP.w = b_radius.is_empty() ? 0.005f : b_radius[index];
  return mP;
}
 
static float4 interpolate_curve_points(const blender::Span<blender::float3> b_positions,
                                       const blender::Span<float> b_radius,
                                       const int first_point_index,
                                       const int num_points,
                                       const float step)
{
  const float curve_t = step * (num_points - 1);
  const int point_a = clamp((int)curve_t, 0, num_points - 1);
  const int point_b = min(point_a + 1, num_points - 1);
  const float t = curve_t - (float)point_a;
  return mix(curve_point_as_float4(b_positions, b_radius, first_point_index + point_a),
             curve_point_as_float4(b_positions, b_radius, first_point_index + point_b),
             t);
}
 
static void export_hair_curves(Scene *scene,
                               Hair *hair,
                               const blender::bke::CurvesGeometry &b_curves,
                               const bool need_motion,
                               const float motion_scale)
{
  const blender::Span<blender::float3> positions = b_curves.positions();
  const blender::OffsetIndices points_by_curve = b_curves.points_by_curve();
 
  hair->resize_curves(points_by_curve.size(), positions.size());
 
  float3 *curve_keys = hair->get_curve_keys().data();
  float *curve_radius = hair->get_curve_radius().data();
  int *curve_first_key = hair->get_curve_first_key().data();
  int *curve_shader = hair->get_curve_shader().data();
 
  /* Add requested attributes. */
  float *attr_intercept = nullptr;
  float *attr_length = nullptr;
 
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_VERTEX_NORMAL)) {
    /* Get geometry normals. */
    float3 *attr_normal = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_VERTEX_NORMAL)->data_float3();
    vector<blender::float3> point_normals(positions.size());
    blender::bke::curves_normals_point_domain_calc(
        b_curves, {point_normals.data(), int64_t(point_normals.size())});
    for (const int i : positions.index_range()) {
      attr_normal[i] = make_float3(point_normals[i][0], point_normals[i][1], point_normals[i][2]);
    }
  }
 
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_CURVE_INTERCEPT)) {
    attr_intercept = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_CURVE_INTERCEPT)->data_float();
  }
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_CURVE_LENGTH)) {
    attr_length = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_CURVE_LENGTH)->data_float();
  }
  if (hair->need_attribute(scene, ATTR_STD_CURVE_RANDOM)) {
    float *attr_random = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_CURVE_RANDOM)->data_float();
    for (const int i : points_by_curve.index_range()) {
      attr_random[i] = hash_uint2_to_float(i, 0);
    }
  }
 
  const blender::VArraySpan b_radius = *b_curves.attributes().lookup<float>(
      "radius", blender::bke::AttrDomain::Point);
 
  std::copy(points_by_curve.data().data(),
            points_by_curve.data().data() + points_by_curve.size(),
            curve_first_key);
  std::fill(curve_shader, curve_shader + points_by_curve.size(), 0);
  if (!b_radius.is_empty()) {
    std::copy(b_radius.data(), b_radius.data() + positions.size(), curve_radius);
  }
  else {
    std::fill(curve_radius, curve_radius + positions.size(), 0.005f);
  }
 
  /* Export curves and points. */
  for (const int curve : points_by_curve.index_range()) {
    const blender::IndexRange points = points_by_curve[curve];
 
    float3 prev_co = zero_float3();
    float length = 0.0f;
 
    /* Position and radius. */
    for (const int point : points) {
      const float3 co = make_float3(positions[point][0], positions[point][1], positions[point][2]);
 
      curve_keys[point] = co;
 
      if (attr_length || attr_intercept) {
        if (point != points.first()) {
          length += len(co - prev_co);
        }
        prev_co = co;
 
        if (attr_intercept) {
          attr_intercept[point] = length;
        }
      }
    }
 
    /* Normalized 0..1 attribute along curve. */
    if (attr_intercept && length > 0.0f) {
      for (const int point : points.drop_front(1)) {
        attr_intercept[point] /= length;
      }
    }
 
    /* Curve length. */
    if (attr_length) {
      attr_length[curve] = length;
    }
  }
 
  attr_create_generic(scene, hair, b_curves, need_motion, motion_scale);
}
 
static void export_hair_curves_motion(Hair *hair,
                                      const blender::bke::CurvesGeometry &b_curves,
                                      const int motion_step)
{
  /* Find or add attribute. */
  Attribute *attr_mP = hair->attributes.find(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
  bool new_attribute = false;
 
  if (!attr_mP) {
    attr_mP = hair->attributes.add(ATTR_STD_MOTION_VERTEX_POSITION);
    new_attribute = true;
  }
 
  /* Export motion keys. */
  const size_t num_keys = hair->num_keys();
  const size_t num_curves = hair->num_curves();
  float4 *mP = attr_mP->data_float4() + motion_step * num_keys;
  bool have_motion = false;
  int num_motion_keys = 0;
  int curve_index = 0;
 
  const blender::Span<blender::float3> b_positions = b_curves.positions();
  const blender::OffsetIndices points_by_curve = b_curves.points_by_curve();
  const blender::VArraySpan b_radius = *b_curves.attributes().lookup<float>(
      "radius", blender::bke::AttrDomain::Point);
 
  for (const int i : points_by_curve.index_range()) {
    const blender::IndexRange points = points_by_curve[i];
    if (curve_index >= num_curves) {
      break;
    }
 
    const Hair::Curve curve = hair->get_curve(curve_index);
    curve_index++;
 
    if (points.size() == curve.num_keys) {
      /* Number of keys matches. */
      for (const int i : points.index_range()) {
        const int point = points[i];
 
        if (point < num_keys) {
          mP[num_motion_keys] = curve_point_as_float4(b_positions, b_radius, point);
          num_motion_keys++;
 
          if (!have_motion) {
            /* TODO: use epsilon for comparison? Was needed for particles due to
             * transform, but ideally should not happen anymore. */
            float4 curve_key = make_float4(hair->get_curve_keys()[i]);
            curve_key.w = hair->get_curve_radius()[i];
            have_motion = !(mP[i] == curve_key);
          }
        }
      }
    }
    else {
      /* Number of keys has changed. Generate an interpolated version
       * to preserve motion blur. */
      const float step_size = curve.num_keys > 1 ? 1.0f / (curve.num_keys - 1) : 0.0f;
      for (int i = 0; i < curve.num_keys; i++) {
        const float step = i * step_size;
        mP[num_motion_keys] = interpolate_curve_points(
            b_positions, b_radius, points.start(), points.size(), step);
        num_motion_keys++;
      }
      have_motion = true;
    }
  }
 
  /* In case of new attribute, we verify if there really was any motion. */
  if (new_attribute) {
    export_hair_motion_validate_attribute(hair, motion_step, num_motion_keys, have_motion);
  }
}
 
/* Hair object. */
void BlenderSync::sync_hair(Hair *hair, BObjectInfo &b_ob_info, bool motion, const int motion_step)
{
  /* Motion blur attribute is relative to seconds, we need it relative to frames. */
  const bool need_motion = object_need_motion_attribute(b_ob_info, scene);
  const float motion_scale = (need_motion) ?
                                 scene->motion_shutter_time() /
                                     (b_scene.render().fps() / b_scene.render().fps_base()) :
                                 0.0f;
 
  /* Convert Blender hair to Cycles curves. */
  const blender::bke::CurvesGeometry &b_curves(
      static_cast<const ::Curves *>(b_ob_info.object_data.ptr.data)->geometry.wrap());
  if (motion) {
    export_hair_curves_motion(hair, b_curves, motion_step);
  }
  else {
    export_hair_curves(scene, hair, b_curves, need_motion, motion_scale);
  }
}
 
void BlenderSync::sync_hair(BObjectInfo &b_ob_info, Hair *hair)
{
  /* make a copy of the shaders as the caller in the main thread still need them for syncing the
   * attributes */
  array<Node *> used_shaders = hair->get_used_shaders();
 
  Hair new_hair;
  new_hair.set_used_shaders(used_shaders);
 
  if (view_layer.use_hair) {
    if (b_ob_info.object_data.is_a(&RNA_Curves)) {
      /* Hair object. */
      sync_hair(&new_hair, b_ob_info, false);
    }
    else {
      /* Particle hair. */
      BL::Mesh b_mesh = object_to_mesh(b_ob_info);
 
      if (b_mesh) {
        sync_particle_hair(&new_hair, b_mesh, b_ob_info, false);
        free_object_to_mesh(b_ob_info, b_mesh);
      }
    }
  }
 
  /* update original sockets */
 
  for (const SocketType &socket : new_hair.type->inputs) {
    /* Those sockets are updated in sync_object, so do not modify them. */
    if (socket.name == "use_motion_blur" || socket.name == "used_shaders") {
      continue;
    }
    hair->set_value(socket, new_hair, socket);
  }
 
  hair->attributes.update(std::move(new_hair.attributes));
 
  /* tag update */
 
  /* Compares curve_keys rather than strands in order to handle quick hair
   * adjustments in dynamic BVH - other methods could probably do this better. */
  const bool rebuild = (hair->curve_keys_is_modified() || hair->curve_radius_is_modified());
 
  hair->tag_update(scene, rebuild);
}
 
void BlenderSync::sync_hair_motion(BObjectInfo &b_ob_info, Hair *hair, const int motion_step)
{
  /* Skip if nothing exported. */
  if (hair->num_keys() == 0) {
    return;
  }
 
  /* Export deformed coordinates. */
  if (ccl::BKE_object_is_deform_modified(b_ob_info, b_scene, preview)) {
    if (b_ob_info.object_data.is_a(&RNA_Curves)) {
      /* Hair object. */
      sync_hair(hair, b_ob_info, true, motion_step);
      return;
    }
 
    /* Particle hair. */
    BL::Mesh b_mesh = object_to_mesh(b_ob_info);
    if (b_mesh) {
      sync_particle_hair(hair, b_mesh, b_ob_info, true, motion_step);
      free_object_to_mesh(b_ob_info, b_mesh);
      return;
    }
  }
 
  /* No deformation on this frame, copy coordinates if other frames did have it. */
  hair->copy_center_to_motion_step(motion_step);
}
 
CCL_NAMESPACE_END